All computers have a way to store data. Your storage device can be any of the following: Hard Drive, Solid State Drive, Embedded Storage.

Embedded storage cannot be easily replaced or upgraded. Some newer Apple computers have embedded storage so it cannot be easily replaced.

A "Hard Drive" is a piece of hardware (looks like a little box) that has moving parts in it and stores data. Also called a "Mechanical Hard Drive". These types of drives tend to last longer under normal use, but they are slower than Solid State Drives.

Solid State Drives have no moving parts. They are considerably faster than mechanical drives but only typically last 3-5 years. They are harder to recover data from if they happen to fail. Most people prefer the faster performance of a Solid State drive though and if you have good data backup settings and practice regular maintenance, there is little reason to worry.

Many people (if their computer supports it) have some combination of Solid State and Mechanical drives. They often choose the faster drive for their Operating System and use the slower drive for data storage. Gamers and people who do things like digital art, music processing and 3D modeling should be careful of this option as the speed of the drive where most of their game data is stored has an impact on the speed of their overall work.

"Drivers" are the software that allows your Hardware (like a video card, sound controller, hard drive) to "communicate with" your computer "brain" (CPU). Many times these drivers are automatically installed and configured by modern Operating Systems, but sometimes they are not. A missing, or incorrectly configured driver can cause many problems, such as computer a "Blue Screen" crash, no audio, video not working properly or no video and much more.

Proper driver installation and updates are particularly important for more complex machines like gaming computers.

The "Operating System" is the program running the entire computer, usually either Microsoft Windows, Mac OS or Linux.

If you have an Apple computer, then you are running a Mac OS (with rare exceptions)

Short answer? No.

It is possible to set up a PC without a Microsoft Account or an Apple computer without an Apple ID, but you will lose some functionality and possibly lose access to software you have purchased through an account you set up previously.

In this context, "Data" means all of the "stuff" you have put into your computer since you got it.

Your photos, your documents, your spreadsheets, your applications / software, your music... anything YOU added to your computer.